Approximately 213 380 new cases of lung cancer are diagnosed annually in the United States; as a result, lung cancer continues to be the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in both men and women. Surgical lobar resection with systematic hilar and mediastinal lymph node dissection offers the best opportunity for cure and is the standard treatment for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Unfortunately, numerous patients with resectable early-stage disease are unable to tolerate pulmonary resection. Compromised cardiopulmonary function or medical comorbidities may make patients unsuitable candidates for the procedure.
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